Summary
Authors introduced the background and present states of online communities and internet activism, and retheorized on “virtually democratic of internet” from a standpoint that is both critical and reconstructive. The occurrence and development of online communities are induced and supported by a variety of groups and movements, which can be mainstream and/or oppositional, reactionary and/or democratic, global and/or local. Especially different opinions and polices circling the Terror war in 2001 have encouraged the technopolitics. Internet has played a great role in “globalization-from-below.” Internet activism has a positive effect in propagating oppositional ideas, defending social justice, equality, civil liberties, universal human right, and a healthy planet, but it should not ignored that “hacking” can be utilized by terrorists and criminals in every area of politics, economy, military. Blogs and Wikis are two successful cases in online community. Blogs is relatively easy to create and maintain even for nontechnical web users. Wikipedia, a free, globally collaborative encyclopedia project has grown to include approximately 162000 always-evolving articles in English and the database grows with each passing day.
Authors introduced the background and present states of online communities and internet activism, and retheorized on “virtually democratic of internet” from a standpoint that is both critical and reconstructive. The occurrence and development of online communities are induced and supported by a variety of groups and movements, which can be mainstream and/or oppositional, reactionary and/or democratic, global and/or local. Especially different opinions and polices circling the Terror war in 2001 have encouraged the technopolitics. Internet has played a great role in “globalization-from-below.” Internet activism has a positive effect in propagating oppositional ideas, defending social justice, equality, civil liberties, universal human right, and a healthy planet, but it should not ignored that “hacking” can be utilized by terrorists and criminals in every area of politics, economy, military. Blogs and Wikis are two successful cases in online community. Blogs is relatively easy to create and maintain even for nontechnical web users. Wikipedia, a free, globally collaborative encyclopedia project has grown to include approximately 162000 always-evolving articles in English and the database grows with each passing day.
Reaction
Everything has two sides. For example, automobile is the most important traffic tool, but many people are killed in traffic accidents; atomic energy is a huge source of energy, but atomic bomb can extinct the whole earth. Similarly, internet, one of the biggest achievements in technology, has brought human great benefits, making communication faster, but misuse of the Internet can result in a fatal shock to the internet community.
Everything has two sides. For example, automobile is the most important traffic tool, but many people are killed in traffic accidents; atomic energy is a huge source of energy, but atomic bomb can extinct the whole earth. Similarly, internet, one of the biggest achievements in technology, has brought human great benefits, making communication faster, but misuse of the Internet can result in a fatal shock to the internet community.
Globalization-from-below is a new combined word, and was a new concept for me, which is contrary to the combined word: globalization-from-above. Globalization from below and above are two different powers. If the two powers are one direction, additional effects can occur, if the two powers are different direction, antagonism will occur. Therefore cooperating the two forces is a great challenge to human civilization and intelligence.
1 件のコメント:
Hi Taketei, Your summary is clear and accurate, however, the wording is quite close to the original in its parts. Always refer to the author regularly and complete the citation with a page number. The sentiment of your reaction is understandable, although the logic is not so clear. I recommend you take a little time to look into the idea "creative tension." Thank you, Owen.
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